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	<title>자이페르트-판 캄펀 정리 - 편집 역사</title>
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	<updated>2026-08-25T11:22:26Z</updated>
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		<title>Utolee90: /* 증명 */</title>
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		<updated>2017-10-05T11:03:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;증명&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← 이전 판&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;2017년 10월 5일 (목) 20:03 판&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l28&quot;&gt;28번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;28번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;우선 집합 A, B, X의 기본군(Fundamental Group)에 의해 생성되는 준동형사상(homomorphism) &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Phi_X : \pi_1 (A) \ast \pi_1 (B) \rightarrow \pi_1 (X)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;가 전사(surjective)임을 보인다. 일단 기본군은 루프(loop)의 시작점과는 무관하므로 우리는 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A \cap B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;위의 점 x를 밑점(base point)으로 하는 공간 X상에서 루프를 잡을 수 있다.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;우선 집합 A, B, X의 기본군(Fundamental Group)에 의해 생성되는 준동형사상(homomorphism) &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Phi_X : \pi_1 (A) \ast \pi_1 (B) \rightarrow \pi_1 (X)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;가 전사(surjective)임을 보인다. 일단 기본군은 루프(loop)의 시작점과는 무관하므로 우리는 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A \cap B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;위의 점 x를 밑점(base point)으로 하는 공간 X상에서 루프를 잡을 수 있다.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;아래 그림을 참고하면 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A \cup B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;  상의 루프 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x=\alpha \cdot \beta&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;를 가정하자. 그러면 x의 점 중 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A \cap B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 상에서의 점 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;X_0, X_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;에 대해 x&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;0&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;과 x&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;를 잇는 경로를 γ라고 놓을 때 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x=\alpha \cdot \beta = \alpha \cdot \gamma \cdot {\gamma}^{-1} \cdot \beta &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;가 되며, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\alpha \cdot \gamma&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;는 A상의 루프, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\gamma^{-1} \cdot \beta&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;는 B상의 루프가 된다. 따라서 다음과 같은 전사함수 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\pi_1 (A) \ast pi_1 (B) \rightarrow \pi_1 (A \cup B) : c_1 \cdot c_2 \cdot \cdots \cdot c_r \rightarrow &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;를 만들 수 있다.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[파일:Seifert-Van Kampen1.png]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;이제는 A와 B의 교집합 A∩B를 생각해보자. 그러면 연속인 단사함수 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;i_1 : A \cap B \rightarrow A&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;와 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;i_2 : A \cap B \rightarrow B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;에 대해서 이것과 상응하는 근원군의 준동형사상 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; c_1 : \pi_1 (A \cap B) \rightarrow \pi_1 ( A) &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;c_2 : \pi_1 (A \cap B) \rightarrow \pi_1 (B)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;가 존재한다. 이제 군 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;pi_1 (A \cap B)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;의 생성자(generator)들을 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\omega_1 , \cdots &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;라고 놓자. 그러면 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;c_1 (\omega_i )&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;는 상(image) &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;c_1 (\pi_1 (A \cap B))&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;의 생성자, 마찬가지로 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;c_2 (\omega_i )&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;는 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;c_2 (\pi_1 (A \cap B))&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;의 생성자가 된다. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{matrix}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\pi_1(A\cap B,c)&amp;amp;\to&amp;amp; \pi_1(A,c)\\&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\downarrow&amp;amp;&amp;amp;\downarrow\\&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\pi_1(B,c)&amp;amp;\to&amp;amp;\pi_1(X,c)&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\end{matrix}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;또한 경로 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;c=\omega \cdot \omega^{-1}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;는 영경로이므로 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;pi_1 (A \cup B)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;에서는 자명하게 영경로가 된다. 이것은 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\pi_1(A) \ast \pi_1 (B)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;에서 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;c_1(\omega) \ast c_2(\omega^{-1})&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;이므로 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;c_1(\omega) \ast c_2(\omega^{-1})&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;는 전사함수  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\pi_1 (A) \ast pi_1 (B) \rightarrow \pi_1 (A \cup B) : c_1 \cdot c_2 \cdot \cdots \cdot c_r \rightarrow &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;의 핵(kernel)이 된다. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[파일:Seifert-Van Kampen2.png]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;마지막으로 주어진 전사함수의 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\pi_1 (A) \ast pi_1 (B) \rightarrow \pi_1 (A \cup B) : c_1 \cdot c_2 \cdot \cdots \cdot c_r \rightarrow &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 핵의 생성자가 모두 위와 같은 형태임을 보인다. 우선 A∪B상의 루프 f를 분해한 값이 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_1 f_2 \cdots f_r = g_1 g_2 \cdots g_s&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;라고 가정을 하자. 각각의 경로가 A 또는 B안에만 있다고 가정한다. 그러면 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f_1 \cdots f_r &amp;lt;/math과 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;g_1 \cdots g_s&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 사이에서 [[호모토피]] &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;f: I \times I \rightarrow A \cup B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;가 존재한다. 여기서 우리는 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;R_ij : f_t \times g_u  \rightarrow A \cup B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;라고 놓을 경우 [0,1]×[0,1] 공간 상에서 적절히 조절하여&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== 예 ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== 예 ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Utolee90</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bigforest.a2hosted.com/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%B4%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8-%ED%8C%90_%EC%BA%84%ED%8E%80_%EC%A0%95%EB%A6%AC&amp;diff=66522&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Utolee90: /* 증명 */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bigforest.a2hosted.com/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%B4%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8-%ED%8C%90_%EC%BA%84%ED%8E%80_%EC%A0%95%EB%A6%AC&amp;diff=66522&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2017-09-09T10:41:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;증명&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;ko&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← 이전 판&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;2017년 9월 9일 (토) 19:41 판&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l27&quot;&gt;27번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;27번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;다양한 증명방법이 있으나 여기서는 경로 연결 공간 두 개를 붙일 때만 생각한다. 세 개 이상일 때에는 모든 교집합 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A_{i_1} \cap \cdot\cdot\cdot A_{i_r}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;들이 경로연결(Path-connected)을 보장해야 한다.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;다양한 증명방법이 있으나 여기서는 경로 연결 공간 두 개를 붙일 때만 생각한다. 세 개 이상일 때에는 모든 교집합 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A_{i_1} \cap \cdot\cdot\cdot A_{i_r}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;들이 경로연결(Path-connected)을 보장해야 한다.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* &lt;/del&gt;우선 집합 A, B, X의 기본군(Fundamental Group)에 의해 생성되는 준동형사상(homomorphism) &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Phi_X : \pi_1 (A) \ast \pi_1 (B) \rightarrow \pi_1 (X)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;가 전사(surjective)임을 보인다.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;우선 집합 A, B, X의 기본군(Fundamental Group)에 의해 생성되는 준동형사상(homomorphism) &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Phi_X : \pi_1 (A) \ast \pi_1 (B) \rightarrow \pi_1 (X)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;가 전사(surjective)임을 보인다&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. 일단 기본군은 루프(loop)의 시작점과는 무관하므로 우리는 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A \cap B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;위의 점 x를 밑점(base point)으로 하는 공간 X상에서 루프를 잡을 수 있다&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== 예 ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== 예 ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Utolee90</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bigforest.a2hosted.com/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%B4%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8-%ED%8C%90_%EC%BA%84%ED%8E%80_%EC%A0%95%EB%A6%AC&amp;diff=66521&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Utolee90: 일단 조금씩 완성</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bigforest.a2hosted.com/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%B4%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8-%ED%8C%90_%EC%BA%84%ED%8E%80_%EC%A0%95%EB%A6%AC&amp;diff=66521&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2017-09-09T07:44:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;일단 조금씩 완성&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;ko&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← 이전 판&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;2017년 9월 9일 (토) 16:44 판&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l25&quot;&gt;25번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;25번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 출처 : Allen Hacther, Algebraic Topology&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 출처 : Allen Hacther, Algebraic Topology&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;다양한 증명방법이 있으나 여기서는 경로 연결 공간 두 개를 붙일 때만 생각한다.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;다양한 증명방법이 있으나 여기서는 경로 연결 공간 두 개를 붙일 때만 생각한다&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. 세 개 이상일 때에는 모든 교집합 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A_{i_1} \cap \cdot\cdot\cdot A_{i_r}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;들이 경로연결(Path-connected)을 보장해야 한다. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* 우선 집합 A, B, X의 기본군(Fundamental Group)에 의해 생성되는 준동형사상(homomorphism) &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Phi_X : \pi_1 (A) \ast \pi_1 (B) \rightarrow \pi_1 (X)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;가 전사(surjective)임을 보인다&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== 예 ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== 예 ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Utolee90</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bigforest.a2hosted.com/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%B4%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8-%ED%8C%90_%EC%BA%84%ED%8E%80_%EC%A0%95%EB%A6%AC&amp;diff=66520&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Utolee90: 문서문서 저장</title>
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		<updated>2017-09-09T07:18:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;문서문서 저장&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;새 문서&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[대수적 위상수학]]에서, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;자이페르트-판 캄펀 정리&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;(-定理, {{llang|en|Seifert–van Kampen theorem}})는 [[위상 공간 (수학)|위상 공간]]의 [[기본군]]을 두 조각으로 쪼개어 계산할 수 있게 하는 정리이다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 정의 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[위상 공간 (수학)|위상 공간]] &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;X&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 및 두 [[부분 공간]] &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A, B\subseteq X&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;가 주어졌고, 다음 조건들이 성립한다고 하자.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\operatorname{int}A\cup\operatorname{int}B=X&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
또한, 부분 공간 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;C\subseteq X&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;가 다음 조건을 만족시킨다고 하자.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 또는 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 또는 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A\cap B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;의 임의의 [[경로 연결 성분]]과의 [[교집합]]은 [[공집합]]이 아니다.&lt;br /&gt;
그렇다면, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;자이페르트-판 캄펀 정리&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;에 따르면 다음 명제들이 성립한다.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;C&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;는 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;X&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;의 모든 [[경로 연결 성분]]들과 교차한다.&lt;br /&gt;
* 포함 관계에 의하여 유도되는 다음과 같은 [[기본 준군]]의 사상들은 [[준군]] 범주에서의 [[밂 (범주론)|밂]]을 이룬다.&lt;br /&gt;
*:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{matrix}&lt;br /&gt;
\Pi_1(A\cap B,C)&amp;amp;\to&amp;amp; \Pi_1(A,C)\\&lt;br /&gt;
\downarrow&amp;amp;&amp;amp;\downarrow\\&lt;br /&gt;
\Pi_1(B,C)&amp;amp;\to&amp;amp;\Pi_1(X,C)&lt;br /&gt;
\end{matrix}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
특히, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;와 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;가 [[경로 연결 공간]]이며, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;C=\{c\}\subseteq A\cap B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;는 [[한원소 집합]]이며, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A\cap B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;는 [[공집합]]이 아닌 [[경로 연결 공간]]이라고 하자. 그렇다면 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;X&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;는 [[경로 연결 공간]](Path-connected Space)이며, 다음과 같은, [[기본군]]의 (군의 범주에서의) [[밂 (범주론)|밂]]이 존재한다.&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{matrix}&lt;br /&gt;
\pi_1(A\cap B,c)&amp;amp;\to&amp;amp; \pi_1(A,c)\\&lt;br /&gt;
\downarrow&amp;amp;&amp;amp;\downarrow\\&lt;br /&gt;
\pi_1(B,c)&amp;amp;\to&amp;amp;\pi_1(X,c)&lt;br /&gt;
\end{matrix}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 증명 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* 출처 : Allen Hacther, Algebraic Topology&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
다양한 증명방법이 있으나 여기서는 경로 연결 공간 두 개를 붙일 때만 생각한다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 예 ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== 원 ===&lt;br /&gt;
[[원 (기하학)|원]] &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\mathbb S^1=\mathbb R/\mathbb Z&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;에서,&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A=(-1/3,2/3)/\mathbb Z\subsetneq\mathbb S^1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;B=(1/3,4/3)/\mathbb Z\subsetneq\mathbb S^1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
를 생각하자. 또한&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;C=\{0,1/2\}/\mathbb Z\subsetneq A\cap B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
라고 놓자. 그렇다면, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;와 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 및 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A\cap B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;의 밑점 집합 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;C&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;에서의 [[기본 준군]]은 다음과 같다. (항등 사상은 생략하였다.)&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Pi_1(A,C)\colon \overset{0}\bullet{\xrightarrow\phi\atop\xleftarrow[\phi^{-1}]{}}\overset{1/2}\bullet&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Pi_1(B,C)\colon \overset{0}\bullet{\xrightarrow{\phi&amp;#039;^{-1}}\atop\xleftarrow[\phi&amp;#039;]{}}\overset{1/2}\bullet&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Pi_1(A\cap B,C)\colon \overset{0}\bullet\qquad\overset{1/2}\bullet&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
따라서, 원의 기본은 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;와 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;의 준군들의 [[쌍대곱]]이다. 이 경우 항등 사상이 아닌 사상 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\phi&amp;#039;\circ\phi\colon 0\to 0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;이 존재하므로, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hom(0,0)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 및 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hom(1/2,1/2)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 둘 다 [[무한 순환군]] &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\mathbb Z&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;이다. &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;과 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;1/2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;는 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Pi_1(\mathbb S^1,\{0,1/2\})&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;에서 서로 동형이다. 따라서 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\mathbb S^1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;의 [[기본군]]은 [[무한 순환군]]이다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 구 ===&lt;br /&gt;
2차원 이상의 [[초구]] &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\mathbb S^n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;에서, 세 개의 서로 다른 점 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a,b,c\in\mathbb S^n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;를 잡고,&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A=\mathbb S^n\setminus\{a\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;B=\mathbb S^n\setminus\{b\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
로 놓자. 그렇다면 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;와 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 둘 다 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;차원 [[유클리드 공간]] &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\mathbb R^n&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;과 [[위상 동형]]이며,  특히 [[축약 가능 공간]]이다. &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A\cap B&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;는 기둥 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\mathbb S^{n-1}\times\mathbb R&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;와 [[위상 동형]]이다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
자이페르트-판 캄펀 정리에 따라, 다음이 성립한다.&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\pi_1(\mathbb S^n,c)=\pi_1(A,c)*_{\pi_1(A\cap B,c)}\pi_1(B,c)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
그런데 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\pi_1(A)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;와 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\pi_1(B)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 둘 다 [[자명군]]이므로, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\pi_1(\mathbb S^n)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 역시 [[자명군]]이다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 역사 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[헤르베르트 자이페르트]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{저널 인용|성=Seifert|이름= H.|저자고리=헤르베르트 자이페르트|제목=Konstruction dreidimensionaler geschlossener Raume|저널=Berichte der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, Mathematisch-Physische Klasse |권=83|날짜=1931|쪽=26–66|언어=de}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{rp|§3, 33–36}}&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{저널 인용|성=Seifert|이름=H.|제목=Topologie dreidimensionaler gefaserter Räume|저널=Acta Mathematica|권=60|날짜=1932|쪽=147-238|doi=10.1007/BF02398271|url=http://www.maths.ed.ac.uk/~aar/papers/seifert3.pdf|언어=de}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{rp|199}}와 [[에흐베르튀스 판 캄펀]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{저널 인용|이름=Egbert R.|성=van Kampen|저자고리=에흐베르튀스 판 캄펀|제목=On the connection between the fundamental groups of some related spaces|저널=American Journal of Mathematics|권=55|날짜=1933|쪽=261&amp;amp;ndash;267|jstor=51000091|언어=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;이 증명하였다. 로널드 브라운({{llang|en|Ronald Brown}})이 이를 [[기본 준군]]에 대하여 일반화하였다.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{저널 인용|이름=R.|성=Brown|제목=Groupoids and Van Kampen’s theorem|저널= Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society (third series)|권=17 |날짜=1967|호=3|쪽=385–401|doi=10.1112/plms/s3-17.3.385|언어=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 참고 문헌 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{각주}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{서적 인용| last=Hatcher |first= Allen |title=Algebraic topology |url=http://www.math.cornell.edu/~hatcher/AT/ATpage.html |날짜= 2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |place=Cambridge |zbl=1044.55001|mr=1867354|isbn=978-0-521-79540-1|언어=en}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 외부 링크 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* {{매스월드|id=vanKampensTheorem|title=van Kampen&amp;#039;s theorem}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{nlab|id=van Kampen theorem|title=Van Kampen theorem}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{nlab|id=higher van Kampen theorem|title=Higher van Kampen theorem}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{nlab|id=higher homotopy van Kampen theorem|title=Higher homotopy van Kampen theorem}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{nlab|id=van Kampen colimit|title=Van Kampen colimit}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{nlab|id=van Kampen theorem for toposes |title=Van Kampen theorem for toposes}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{웹 인용|url=http://topospaces.subwiki.org/wiki/Seifert-van_Kampen_theorem|title=Seifert-van Kampen theorem|웹사이트=Topospaces|언어=en}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{웹 인용|url=https://terrytao.wordpress.com/2012/10/28/van-kampens-theorem-via-covering-spaces/|제목=van Kampen’s theorem via covering spaces|이름=Terrence|성=Tao|저자고리=테런스 타오|날짜=2012-10-28|웹사이트=What’s New|언어=en}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{웹 인용|url=http://mathoverflow.net/questions/102295/generalisations-of-the-seifert-van-kampen-theorem|제목=Generalisations of the Seifert-van Kampen Theorem? |출판사=Math Overflow|언어=en}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{웹 인용|url=http://mathoverflow.net/questions/165630/what-was-seiferts-contribution-to-the-seifert-van-kampen-theorem|제목=What was Seifert&amp;#039;s contribution to the Seifert-van Kampen theorem?|출판사=Math Overflow|언어=en}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{퍼온문서|위키백과|자이페르트-판 캄펀 정리|19463129|일부}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[분류:대수적 위상수학]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Utolee90</name></author>
	</entry>
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